Profound understanding of healthy eating beliefs in populations with a low socioeconomic position (SEP) can benefit attempts to improve diet quality in this population, but literature on this subject is fragmented. The purpose of this scoping review was to systematically map healthy eating beliefs and the meaning of food and eating in populations with a low SEP. Systematic search of electronic databases yielded 35 relevant publications that were included in a qualitative synthesis. Populations with a low SEP perceived healthy eating as important, although they expressed various meanings of 'healthy' and 'good' eating. Lack of time and money posed perceived barriers to healthy eating, as well as social influences, and desired identities that can be expressed by specific foods. Traditions were important influences on food and eating practices. Eating behavior was perceived as one's own responsibility and desirably within one's own control. Parents expressed the role of food to regulate children's (eating) behavior. In conclusion, perceived limited control over what is eaten due to various barriers as described by populations with a low SEP, may also be viewed as competing values. Deeper understanding of reasons and thoughts underlying healthy eating beliefs and what it means to eat 'well' is largely lacking in this domain. The findings call for an in-depth exploration of the origin and construction of beliefs regarding 'healthy' and 'good' eating in populations with a low SEP.Progesterone oral dose regimens are indicated for the treatment of luteal phase deficiency and estrogen dominance. The poor aqueous solubility of progesterone leads to erratic oral absorption, resulting in suboptimal or excessive plasma levels. Developing a formulation to enhance the solubility of progesterone in the gastrointestinal tract would be beneficial to decrease drug absorption variability and increase bioavailability. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-869.html The solubility of progesterone at 400 mM sulfobutyl-ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) concentration was ~7000-fold greater than its intrinsic solubility, aided by the formation of SBE-β-CD-progesterone complex. The complex was characterized using differential scanning colorimeter, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques. FTIR and NMR studies of the complex confirm the interaction between functional groups of SBE-β-CD and progesterone to form an inclusion complex. Molecular modeling studies demonstrated progesterone binding poses with four probable SBE-β-CD isomers and these results matched with NMR and FTIR data. The progesterone oral formulations were optimized by increasing the levels of SBE-β-CD in the formulation to prevent the displacement of progesterone from the complex by gastrointestinal contents. The oral bioavailability of progesterone in rats was increased 5-fold when administered with the optimized formulation compared to administration with progesterone API capsules. Studies demonstrated that the optimized formulation prevents precipitation of progesterone in the intestinal tract and increases progesterone oral bioavailability in rats.Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), a member of the Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic family, is overexpressed in the synovial macrophages of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Small interfering RNA (siRNA) Mcl-1 can induce macrophage apoptosis in the joints and is a potential therapeutic target of RA. Nevertheless, the application of siRNA is limited owing to its instability and susceptibility to degradation in vivo. To address these shortcomings, we developed composite microspheres (MPs) loaded with hyaluronic acid (HA)-chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs). First, we synthesized HA-CS/siRNA NPs (HCNPs) using ionotropic gelation process. Then, HCNPs, as an internal aqueous phase, were loaded into poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and poly (cyclohexane-1,4-diyl acetone dimethylene ketal) (PCADK) MPs using the double emulsion method. The NPs-in-MPs (NiMPs) composite system provided sustained release of NPs, protected siRNA against nuclease degradation in the serum, and could readily cross the cellular membrane. In addition, we evaluated the advantages of NiMPs in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model. Our experimental results demonstrate that NiMPs have greater pharmacodynamic effects than common MPs. Meanwhile, compared with HCNPs, NiMPs reduced the frequency of drug administration. Therefore, NiMPs are a promising and novel siRNA delivery vehicle for RA therapy.Fluid bed granulation (FBG) is used extensively in the pharmaceutical industry and it is known to be a complex process, because the final product quality of the FBG process is determined by a complex interplay between the process parameters, fluid dynamics, and material properties. Due to this complexity, the FBG process is inherently nonlinear and as such difficult to scale-up. The field of chemical engineering has shown that complex nonlinear processes can be assumed to be linear under limiting conditions. We leverage this idea and present a linear scale-up approach (LiSA) to the FBG process. We derive the key LiSA equation from first principles, and then use it in combination with the similarity principle for scale-up purposes. Furthermore, we present a novel regression-based LiSA. The regression-based LiSA is founded on the hypothesis that there is a linear relationship between the moisture content and a scaling parameter called the Maus factor. This hypothesis is based on our experience and it is shown to be plausible due to high R2 values ranging from 0.86 to 0.98. Moreover, we successfully demonstrate that LiSA is effective under typical industrial process settings by applying it to two different formulations during pharmaceutical drug product development.Essential oils have known a renewed interest, particularly for their antimicrobial properties. In the field of skin delivery of essential oils, fluid oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions have been studied for several years in order to improve their stability. When dealing with infections of the upper skin layers, these vehicles, in spite of their low viscosity, must have a good skin persistence and also concentrate the essential oil components in the target skin layers. Given the well-known ability of alkylsiloxysilicate resins to induce a very substantive and non-occlusive film after cutaneous application in an appropriate preparation, it has been undertaken to use them to prepare a highly persistent O/W fluid emulsion of essential oil. Hence, after the successful development of a fluid silicone-in-water (Si/W) emulsion integrating a 100% trimethylsiloxysilicate resin, the essential oil was incorporated in this emulsion. The physical and chemical stabilities of the prepared emulsion were then studied in the final packaging under different storage conditions.

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